Matheus do Nascimento Santos
Lucas Santana Bahiense Filho
Maria Polliana Braz Silva Santana
Julia da Silva Rios Araújo
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Malignant neoplasia of the cervix is a public health problem that affects women around the world, generating a significant number of deaths. The main cause of this neoplasia is persistent infection with the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), with other risk factors, such as smoking, immunosuppression and early onset of sexual activity, also playing an important role. Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these. Goals: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of cervical malignancy between 2013 and 2022 in Bahia.
Method: Descriptive ecological study based on data collected by the Brazilian Oncology Panel of DATASUS. The numbers of diagnoses for malignant neoplasia of the cervix in Bahia between 2013 and 2022 were analyzed.
Variables analyzed: municipality of residence; age; age group; staging; therapeutic modality.
Results: In the period analyzed, 8,512 cases were reported in Bahia. With a peak in 2019, of 1,222 cases (14.35%), and a lower number in 2014, with 547 cases (6.42%). In the Northeast, Bahia led the cases with
20.13%, followed by Pernambuco (18.31%) and Maranhão (15.58%). About the patients: the most affected age group was between 40 and 44 years old, with 13.54% (Graph 1). In staging, the most prevalent grade was 3, with 33.86%. The most adopted therapeutic modality was radiotherapy (48.64%).
Conclusion: In the last decade, malignant neoplasia of the cervix has shown a significant increase in Bahia, driven by advances in diagnostic methods and the increased incidence of this type of cancer in the population. However, a significant proportion of patients were observed in advanced stages, indicating possible late diagnoses. These results highlight the continued importance of effective prevention strategies, such as HPV vaccination and regular screening tests.
Descriptors: Cervix; Neoplasms; Papillomaviridae; Health Strategies; Radiotherapy; Vaccination.
